Respiration questions	

	Name:	
________________________	

Class:	
________________________	

Date:	
________________________	

 	
Time:	56 minutes	
Marks:	53 marks	
Comments:	Q1 to 4 are for foundation students, Q3 to 6 are for higher students	

Q1.
Respiration can happen aerobically or anaerobically.
Respiration transfers energy from glucose.
(a)     Draw one line from each type of respiration in human cells to the correct information.
 
Type of respiration
in human cells	 	Information	
 	 	 	
 	 	Produces ethanol	
 	 	 	
Aerobic respiration	 	Uses oxygen	
 	 	 	
Anaerobic respiration	 	Uses carbon dioxide	
 	 	 	
 	 	Produces lactic acid	
(2)
(b)     The table below shows the amount of energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
 
 	Energy in kJ transferred
from 1 g of glucose	
Aerobic respiration	16.1	
Anaerobic respiration	1.2	
Suggest why human cells might respire anaerobically, even though only a small amount of energy is transferred.
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(1)
(c)     Yeast is used in the brewing and baking industries.
Why is yeast used in these industries?
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(4)
(Total 7 marks)
Q2.
Some students investigated how exercise affects heart rate.
The figure below shows their results.
 
(a)     What was Student B’s resting heart rate?
Resting heart rate = _______________ beats per minute
(1)
(b)     The students started running at 2 minutes.
What evidence for this is in the figure above?
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(1)

(c)     For how many minutes did the students run?
Tick one box.
 
  2		
  4		
  6		
14		
(1)
(d)     Student B is fitter than Student A.
Use the figure above to give two pieces of evidence that support this statement.
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
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(2)
(e)     There are other changes in the body during exercise.
Explain why these changes occur.
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q3.
The graph shows the rate of blood flow through different organs at rest and during exercise.

(a)     Determine the total volume of blood that flows through the brain in 1 hour.
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Volume = ____________________ cm3
(1)
(b)     Look at the blood flow through the skeletal muscle.
Calculate how many times the blood flow increases by during exercise compared to at rest.
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Answer = ____________________ 
(2)
(c)     Explain why the blood flow to the skeletal muscles increases during exercise.
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(3)
(d)     Arteries and veins have different structures and different functions.
Explain how the different structure of arteries and veins relates to their different functions.
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(6)
(Total 12 marks)

Q4.
One factor that may affect body mass is metabolic rate.
(a)     (i)      What is meant by metabolic rate ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii)     Metabolic rate is affected by the amount of activity a person does.
Give two other factors that may affect a person’s metabolic rate.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b)     Predicted early death is the number of years that a person will die before the mean age of death for the whole population. The predicted early death of a person is affected by their body mass.
Scientists have calculated the effect of body mass on predicted early death.
The graph shows the results of the scientists’ calculations.
 
Ideal body mass
The number of times above or below ideal body mass is given by the equation:
 
In the UK the mean age of death for women is 82.
A woman has a body mass of 70 kg. The woman’s ideal body mass is 56 kg.
(i)      Use the information from the graph to predict the age of this woman when she dies.
______________________________________________________________
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Age at death = ___________ years
(2)
(ii)     The woman could live longer by changing her lifestyle.
Give two changes she should make.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q5.
(a)     The table shows an athlete’s breathing rate after the end of a race. 
          Use the information shown in the table to draw a line graph.
     
(3)
(b)     The bar charts show what happens in an athlete’s muscles when running in two races of different distances.
 
(i)      Compare what happens in the athlete’s muscles when running in the two races.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(ii)     Use the information in the box to explain your answer to (i).
 
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(2)
(c)     Explain why the athlete breathes at a faster rate than normal for two minutes after finishing a 100 metres race.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q6.
Eukaryotic cells respire continuously to transfer energy.
(a)     Give two uses of energy transferred by respiration in eukaryotes.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b)     Name the cell structure in a eukaryotic cell where aerobic respiration occurs.
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(1)
(c)     Muscle cells and plant cells can respire anaerobically.
Compare the processes of anaerobic respiration in muscle and plant cells.
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(4)
(d)     Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells creates an oxygen debt.
What does oxygen debt mean?
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)     
 
an extra line from a LH box negates that mark
2
(b)     any one from:
•        not enough oxygen present (for aerobic respiration)
•        more energy required for exercise (than can be transferred by aerobic respiration)
1
allow named example for exercise
(c)     produces carbon dioxide
1
produces ethanol
1
plus any two from:
•        (carbon dioxide) makes bread rise
•        (carbon dioxide) makes beer / cider / (some) wines fizzy
allow for alcoholic drinks / named drink
•        (ethanol) is the alcohol in beer / cider / wine / spirits
2
[7]
Q2.
(a)     66 (beats per minute)
1
(b)     heart rate increased
1
(c)     4
1
(d)     any two from:
•        resting heart rate was lower
•        heart rate did not increase as much
•        heart rate did not increase as fast
•        heart rate returned to normal sooner
2
(e)     Level 2 (3–4 marks):
A detailed and coherent explanation is given, which logically links changes in the body during exercise to reasons for these changes.
Level 1 (1–2 marks):
Discrete relevant points made. Links may not be made.
0 marks:
No relevant content
Indicative content
Changes:
•        breathing rate increases
•        deeper breathing
•        (body) temperature increases
•        sweating occurs
•        muscle fatigue
•        vasodilation
Explanations linked to correct change:
•        to provide more oxygen
•        to remove carbon dioxide faster
•        (as) more energy required
•        (so) increased respiration
•        (so) more energy transferred
•        for movement or contraction of muscles
•        some energy warms the body
•        (sweating) cools the body down
•        (by) evaporation of sweat
4
[9]
Q3.
(a)     36 000 (cm3)
1
(b)     11600 / 1200
1
9.66666r
allow any number of decimals
1
(c)     muscles need more energy (for contraction)
1
(so) more oxygen / glucose needed
need at least one reference to ‘more’ for full marks
allow so more carbon dioxide / thermal energy needs to be removed
1
(for) increased respiration
1
(d)     
Level 3: Relevant points (differences / functions) are identified, given in detail and linked logically to form a clear account.	5-6	
Level 2: Relevant points (differences / functions) are identified and there are attempts at logical linking. The resulting account is not fully clear.	3-4	
Level 1: Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance is not clear and there is no attempt at logical linking.	1-2	
No relevant content	0	
Indicative content
•   artery has a thicker wall
•   (because) artery has to withstand higher pressure
•   artery has thicker layer of elastic tissue / fibres
•   (so) it can stretch
•   (so) artery returns to original size / shape
•   artery has thicker layer of muscle
•   to maintain a force on the blood
•   vein has valves
•   (valves) prevent backflow of blood
•   artery carries blood away from the heart
•   vein carries blood towards the heart
ignore references to oxygenated / deoxygenated blood	 	
6
[12]
Q4.
(a)     (i)      rate of chemical reactions (in the body)
1
(ii)     any two from:
•        heredity / inheritance / genetics
•        proportion of muscle to fat or (body) mass
allow (body) weight / BMI
•        age / growth rate
•        gender
accept hormone balance or environmental temperature
ignore exercise / activity
2
(b)    (i)      77
correct answer with or without working gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for 70 / 56 or 1.25 or 5
2
(ii)     increase exercise
accept a way of increasing exercise
1
reduce food intake
accept examples such as eat less fat / sugar
allow go on a diet or take in fewer calories
ignore lose weight
ignore medical treatments such as gastric band / liposuction
1
[7]
Q5.
(a)     •        appropriate scales (> halfway along each axis) 
•        all points correctly plotted to better than ½ a square
•        lines carefully drawn 
          (allow point to point in this case)
          N.B.
•        no mark available for labelling axes
•        allow either orientation
for 1 mark each
3
(b)     (i)      ideas that
•        energy transferred faster in 100m race
          (not more energy transferred)
•        carbon dioxide produced faster during 1500m race
for 1 mark each
         (allow more carbon dioxide produced)
         correct reference to twice / half as fast in either / both cases
for 1 further mark
3
(ii)     •        respiration during 100m race (mainly) anaerobic
•        respiration during 1500m race aerobic
•        aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide
•        anaerobic respiration doesn’t produce carbon dioxide
/ produces lactic acid
any two for 1 mark each
2
(c)     ideas that
•        there is an oxygen debt / more than normal oxygen needed
•        lactic acid needs to be oxidised / combined with oxygen
for 1 mark each
2
[10]
Q6.
(a)     any two from:
•        synthesis of new molecules
allow named molecule eg starch / glycogen / cellulose / lipids / fats / proteins / hormones / antibodies
•        for active transport
•        to keep warm (in mammals / birds)
allow description
allow to keep warm (in animals)
allow for movement (in animals)
allow for transmission of nerve impulses (in animals)
2
(b)     mitochondria / mitochondrion
1
(c)     both occur without oxygen
1
both release (a small amount of) energy
1
muscle cells produce lactic acid but plant cells produce ethanol
1
muscle cells do not produce carbon dioxide but plant cells do
marks can be awarded from correct word or balanced symbol equations
1
(d)     the amount of oxygen needed to react with the lactic acid formed
allow the amount of oxygen needed to break down
or oxidise the lactic acid
1
[8]